Andorra at a glance | |
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LOCATION | Europe. Not a member of the European Union |
CAPITAL | Andorra La Vella |
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE | Catalan Spanish, French and Portuguese are also widely spoken. |
CURRENCY | Euro |
POPULATION | 72,790 habitants 2014 |
AREA | 468 km2 |
POLITICAL SYSTEM | Parliament and its Heads of State are the Bishop of Seu d'Urgell and the President of the French Republic. The Government is comprised of the ‘Council of Ministers’ and chaired by the ‘Head of the Government’, elected democratically. |
GDP | 2.90 billion € 2014 |
Source of economic figures: World Bank |
The Country has a privileged strategic position in the Catalan Pyrenees, between Spain and France, a situation that substantially favours its regional integration policy as a gateway to the European market.
The Principality of Andorra is a major historic financial location in Europe, and the country is positioned among the top in living standards in Europe.
Its economy is based on financial services and winter season tourism and, increasingly more, in summer, due to the great variety of activities its natural setting provides.
Income tax for individuals goes from 0% to 10%, depending on their salary.
The general company tax rate is 10% and the VAT equivalent, IGI, is 4.5%.
Limited liability companies (S.L.) and stock companies (S.A.) are the most common types of companies chosen for corporate activity in Andorra.
Their general regime is defined below:
S.L. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY |
S.A. STOCK COMPANY |
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MINIMUM CAPITAL TO SUBSCRIBE | 3.000,00 € | 60.000,00 € |
MINIMUM CAPITAL TO SUBSCRIBE | The full amount at incorporation. | |
MINIMUM NUMBER OF | 1 | |
TYPES OF SHAREHOLDERS ALLOWED | Natural or legal person of Andorran or foreign nationality. Foreign shareholders may invest in certain activities regulated by Act 2/2008 of 8th April on Foreign Investments in the Principality of Andorra. | |
MANAGING BODY | This may be comprised of a sole administrator, individual or joint administrators, or by a Board of Directors. | This may be comprised of a sole administrator, individual or joint administrators, or by a Board of Directors. |
SHARES/STAKES | The stakes are nominative and must be numbered in numerical order. | The shares are nominative and must be numbered in numerical order. |
COMPANY FORMATION | The time estimated to form the company depends on the terms the Government has to grant the relevant authorisations. Foreign shareholders must previously obtain authorisation for the foreign investment, that may take approximately four weeks. Once it is obtained, the act of incorporation proceeds before Notary Public and is lodged at the registry. |
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CAPITAL GAINS TAXATION | As of enactment of the Company Tax Act, capital gains obtained by an Andorran company, at the moment of sale of shares or stakes in its subsidary, regardless of where it is located, shall be subject to 10% company tax. One must emphasise the capital gains treatment if subject to the Special Regime on Holding Activities detailed below. Real estate transactions are subject to a 10% tax on capital gains. |
Stock or limited companies whose corporate object is exclusively the activity of management and holding stakes may take advantage of a total exemption from Andorran tax by adhering to the Special Regime on Holding Stakes in foreign companies.
The dividends or stakes in the profit of non resident companies in Andorra, as well as the yield obtained from conveyance of the relevant stake are exempt from taxation in the Principality of Andorra.
The stakes in the capital of the Stock Holding Company must be nominative.
The profit distributed against this yield receives the following tax treatment:
If the receiver is resident or a permanent establishment, it shall be exempt.
The Principality of Andorra does not apply withholdings to the non resident shareholder and, on the other hand, any non resident natural or legal person is exempt from Non Resident Revenue obtained from dividends and other yield from holding stakes in the net assets of companies that are Andorran tax residents.
Granting the Special Regime of a Foreign Securities Holding Company is on condition that the relevant application be presented to the Andorran Minister of Finance.
The taxpayers may benefit from an 80% reduction on the tax base for revenue that arise from concessions or authorisations for use, assignment of licenses, of rights, conveyance of assets, goods or rights or provision of the services mentioned below:
Industrial property rights to patents, designs, models and industrial drawings, brands, domain names, etc.
Granting authorisation for use, assignment or licensing rights to drawings, formulas or secret procedures, rights to informations regarding industrial, commercial or scientific experiences.
Assignment of rights to industrial property (literary, artistic or scientific works, audiovisual productions, computer programs, etc.).
Image rights activity may only obtain benefit from application of this regime when the main activity is management of image rights of unrelated natural persons and when they have adequate material and personal resources.
Conveyance of assets assigned to the aforementioned activities.
The activity of international sale-purchase of goods and commission broking located outside the territory of Andorra (including real estate located outside Andorra).
Application of the reduction in tax base is subject to the following conditions:
Exploiting the asset concerned on their own behalf within the framework of their economic activity.
Having one person hired at least half day and premises with a minimum area of 20m2 in the Andorran territory to perform such activities.
Use of those rights by the assignee in performance of an economic activity.
The assignee of the services is not an entity that is tax resident in Andorra and the right or service is not used directly in the Principality
Granting the Special Regime for International Intangibles Exploitation or International Trading Activities is on condition that the relevant application be lodged with the Ministry of Finance and duly authorised.
Andorra is immersed in developing and negotiating an ample network of conventions to avoid double taxation and, up to October 2015, it has signed conventions to avoid double taxation with: Spain, France, Luxembourg, Portugal and Liechtenstein For more details, consult our summary of the networks of conventions to avoid double taxation ....
Andorra has also signed a series of information exchange agreements (IEA). That managed to have Andorra removed from the list of tax havens prepared by the OECD in 2011.
IEAs SIGNED BY ANDORRA | |
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COUNTRY | YEAR OF ENACTMENT |
Argentina | Pending signature of protocol |
Austria | December 10, 2010 |
Belgium * | Pending signature of protocol |
Korea | Pending signature of protocol |
Denmark | 13/02/2011 |
Spain | 10/02/2011 |
Finland | 12/02/2011 |
France | 22/12/2010 |
Greenland | Pending signature of protocol |
Faroe Islands | 18/06/2011 |
Iceland | 14/02/2011 |
Liechtenstein * | 10/01/2011 |
Monaco | 16/12/2010 |
Norway | 18/06/2011 |
The Netherlands | 10/01/2011 |
Portugal * | 31/03/2011 |
Czech Republic | Pending signature of protocol |
San Marino * | 07/12/2010 |
Sweden | 11/02/2011 |
* This agreement is accompanied by an attached Protocol that shows the good will of both states to negotiate a convention to avoid double taxation when the legislative framework of the Principality of Andorra on tax matters is defined. |
PRINCIPALITY OF ANDORRA office
15 Baixada del Molí
Molí II Building, 1st floor
AD500 Andorra La Vella
Phone: +376 806 650